6731¶¥¼¶ÓÎÏ·

2025ÄêÕý°æ×ÊÁÏÃâ·Ñ»ñÈ¡×îа湥ÂÔ£º2025ÄêÕý°æ×ÊÁÏÃâ·Ñ»ñÈ¡×îаæ²Ù×÷Ö¸ÄÏÓëʹÓù淶
admin

admin¹ÜÀíÔ±

  • ÎÄÕÂ6393
  • ä¯ÀÀ1761

2025ÄêÕý°æ×ÊÁÏÃâ·Ñ»ñÈ¡×îа湥ÂÔ£º2025ÄêÕý°æ×ÊÁÏÃâ·Ñ»ñÈ¡×îаæ²Ù×÷Ö¸ÄÏÓëʹÓù淶

6731¶¥¼¶ÓÎÏ·¡¤(ÖйúÇø)¹Ù·½ÍøÕ¾admin 2026-03-06 00:10:59 °ÄÃÅ 1761 ´Îä¯ÀÀ 0¸ö̸ÂÛ

2025ÄêÕý°æ×ÊÁÏÃâ·Ñ»ñÈ¡×îа湥ÂÔ£º¿ªÆô֪ʶ±¦¿âµÄ׼ȷ·½·¨

ÔÚÐÅÏ¢±¬Õ¨µÄ2025Äê £¬ÎÞÂÛÊÇѧÊõÑо¿¡¢Ö°ÒµÉú³¤ÕÕ¾ÉСÎÒ˽¼ÒÐËȤ̽Ë÷ £¬»ñȡȨÍþ¡¢×¼È·¡¢ÊµÊ±µÄÕý°æ×ÊÁÏÒѳÉΪһÏî½¹µãÄÜÁ¦¡£È»¶ø £¬ÃæÁÙÍøÂçÉϷ׳ÁÖØ´óµÄÐÅÏ¢Ô´¡¢Ç±ÔڵİæÈ¨Î£º¦ÒÔ¼°Òþ²ØµÄÊÕ·ÑÏÝÚå £¬Ðí¶àÈ˸ÐÓ¦ÎÞËùÊÊ´Ó¡£Õâ·Ý¡¶2025ÄêÕý°æ×ÊÁÏÃâ·Ñ»ñÈ¡×îаæ²Ù×÷Ö¸ÄÏÓëʹÓù淶¡·Ö¼ÔÚΪÄúÊáÀí³öÒ»ÌõÇåÎú¡¢Õýµ±¡¢¸ßЧµÄ·¾¶ £¬ÈÃÄúÄܳä·ÖÏíÊÜÊý×Öʱ´úµÄ֪ʶӯÀû £¬Í¬Ê±¼áÊØÐÅÏ¢Â×ÀíµÄµ×Ïß¡£

Ò»¡¢¿´·¨ÖØËÜ£ºÎªºÎÐëÐë¼á³Ö¡°Õý°æ¡±Óë¡°×îа桱 £¿

ÔÚÉîÈëÏêϸҪÁì֮ǰ £¬ÎÒÃDZØÐè´Ó»ù´¡ÉÏÃ÷È·×·Çó¡°Õý°æ¡±Óë¡°×îа桱×ÊÁϵÄÐëÒªÐÔ¡£Õâ¾ø·Ç½ö½öÊÇÆ·µÂ˵½Ì £¬¶øÊǹغõÐÅÏ¢ÖÊÁ¿ÓëСÎÒ˽¼ÒÉú³¤µÄÏÖʵ¿¼Á¿¡£

Õý°æ×ÊÁϵļÛÖµ£ºÕý°æ×ÊÁÏÒâζ×ÅÄÚÈݵÄ׼ȷÐÔ¡¢ÍêÕûÐÔºÍȨÍþÐÔ»ñµÃÁËԭʼ´´×÷Õß»ò¹Ù·½Ðû²¼»ú¹¹µÄ±³Êé¡£ÎÞÂÛÊÇѧÊõÂÛÎÄ¡¢ÊÖÒÕÊֲᡢÐÐÒµ±¨¸æÕÕ¾ÉÈí¼þ¹¤¾ß £¬Õý°æ°æ±¾ÄÜÈ·±£ÄúËù»ñÐÅϢδ±»¸Ä¶¯¡¢ÒÅ©»òÖ²Èë¶ñÒâÄÚÈÝ¡£Ê¹ÓÃÕý°æÊǶÔ֪ʶ´´×÷ÕßÀͶ¯µÄ»ù±¾×ðÖØ £¬Ò²ÊÇά»¤¿µ½¡Êý×ÖÉú̬µÄ»ùʯ¡£´ÓÖ´·¨²ãÃæ¿´ £¬×èֹʹÓõÁ°æÖÊÁÏÄÜÓÐÓùæ±ÜDZÔÚµÄÇÖȨΣº¦ £¬ÕâÔÚ֪ʶ²úȨÑÚ»¤ÈÕÒæÑÏ¿áµÄȫְÇéÐÎÏÂÖÁ¹ØÖ÷Òª¡£

×îаæµÄÐëÒªÐÔ£ºÔÚ¿ìËÙµü´úµÄ½ñÌì £¬ÐÅÏ¢µÄʱЧÐÔÖ±½Ó¾öÒéÁËÆä¼ÛÖµ¡£Ò»·Ý2022ÄêµÄÐÐÒµÆÊÎö±¨¸æÓë2025Äê×îаæÏà±È £¬Æä¼äµÄÊý¾Ý¡¢Ç÷ÊÆÅжϺͽáÂÛ¿ÉÄÜÒÑÌì²îµØ±ð¡£ÓÈÆäÊÇÔڿƼ¼¡¢Ò½Ò©¡¢²Æ¾­¡¢Õþ²ß¹æÔòµÈÁìÓò £¬ÒÀÀµ¹ýʱÐÅÏ¢¿ÉÄܵ¼Ö¾öÒéʧÎó¡¢Ñо¿Îó²î»òÊÖÒÕÂäÎé¡£Òò´Ë £¬¡°»ñÈ¡×îа桱ÊǼá³ÖСÎÒ˽¼ÒÈÏÖªÇ°ÑØÐÔµÄÒªº¦Ðж¯¡£

¶þ¡¢½¹µã×ÊԴƽ̨Óë»ñȡͨµÀÈ«ÆÊÎö

2025Äê £¬ÖÚ¶à»ú¹¹ÓëÆ½Ì¨Îª¹«ÖÚÌṩÁËÕýµ±Ãâ·ÑµÄÓÅÖÊ×ÊÁÏ¡£ÒÔÏÂÊǾ­ÓÉÊáÀíµÄ½¹µãÇþµÀ¼°ÆäʹÓÃÒªµã¡£

1. ¹«¹²Êý×ÖͼÊé¹ÝÓëѧÊõ×ÊԴƽ̨

¹ú¼Ò¼°µØ·½µÄÊý×ÖͼÊé¹ÝϵͳÊÇÃâ·ÑÕý°æ×ÊÔ´µÄ±¦¿â¡£ÀýÈç £¬Öйú¹ú¼ÒÊý×ÖͼÊé¹Ý¡¢¸÷Ê¡¼¶Í¼Êé¹ÝµÄÊý×Ö×ÊÔ´ÃÅ»§ £¬Í¨³£Í¨¹ý¶ÁÕßÖ¤ÈÏÖ¤£¨¿ÉÔÚÏßÃâ·Ñ×¢²á£©Ìṩº£Á¿µç×ÓͼÊ顢ѧÊõÆÚ¿¯¡¢¹Å¼®ÎÄÏ׺ÍÊý¾Ý¿âµÄ»á¼ûȨÏÞ¡£Ðí¶à¸ßУͼÊé¹ÝÒ²ÃæÏòÉç»á¹«ÖÚÓÐÏÞ¿ª·Å²¿·ÖÊý×Ö×ÊÔ´ £¬»òÌṩ¹ÝÍâ»á¼ûͨµÀ¡£

±ðµÄ £¬Ïñ¡°arXiv.org¡±£¨Ô¤Ó¡±¾·þÎñÆ÷£©¡¢¡°PubMed Central¡±£¨ÉúÎïҽѧÎÄÏ×£©¡¢¡°Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ)¡±µÈ¹ú¼Ê¿ª·Å»ñȡƽ̨ £¬ËѼ¯ÁËÊý°ÙÍòƪ¾­ÓÉÙÉÐÐÆÀÒéµÄ×îÐÂѧÊõÂÛÎÄ £¬ÍêÈ«Ãâ·ÑÏÂÔØ¡£Òªº¦ÔÚÓÚÕÆÎÕÕâЩƽ̨µÄ¼ìË÷¼¼ÇÉ £¬ÀýÈçʹÓø߼¶ËÑË÷¹¦Ð§¡¢¹Ø×¢Ìض¨Ñ§¿Æ¿â¡£

2. Õþ¸®»ú¹¹Óë¹ú¼Ê×éÖ¯¹ÙÍø

¸÷¹úÕþ¸®Í³¼Æ¾Ö¡¢²¿Î¯¡¢ÑëÐС¢î¿Ïµ»ú¹¹ £¬ÒÔ¼°ÍŽá¹ú¡¢ÌìÏÂÒøÐС¢¹ú¼ÊÇ®±Ò»ù½ð×éÖ¯µÈ¹ú¼Ê×éÖ¯µÄ¹Ù·½ÍøÕ¾ £¬ÊÇ»ñÈ¡×îÐÂÕþ²ßÎļþ¡¢°×ƤÊ顢ͳ¼ÆÄê¼ø¡¢¾­¼ÃÉú³¤±¨¸æµÈȨÍþ×ÊÁϵÄÒ»ÊÖÇþµÀ¡£ÕâЩ×ÊÁÏͨ³£ÒÔPDFÐÎʽÃâ·ÑÐû²¼ £¬Êý¾Ý׼ȷ £¬¾ßÓм«¸ßµÄ²Î¿¼¼ÛÖµ¡£½¨Òé¶©ÔÄÆäÐÂÎÅͨ¸æ»ò³öÊéÎïÐû²¼ÌáÐÑ £¬ÒÔ±ãµÚһʱ¼ä»ñÈ¡¡£

3. ¶¥¼â¸ßУÓëÑо¿ÔºËùµÄ¿ª·Å¿Î³Ì×ÊÔ´

ÂéÊ¡Àí¹¤Ñ§ÔºµÄOpenCourseWare¡¢Ë¹Ì¹¸£ÔÚÏß¡¢Ç廪´óѧ¿ª·Å¿Î³ÌµÈƽ̨ £¬Ò»Á¬¸üв¢Ìṩ×îеĿγ̿α¾¡¢½Ìѧ¸ÙÒª¡¢ÔĶÁÖÊÁÏÉõÖÁÍêÕûÊÓÆµ¡£ÕâЩ×ÊÁÏÊÇϵͳ»¯Ñ§Ï°Ç°ÑØÑ§¿ÆÖªÊ¶µÄ¾ø¼Ñ;¾¶ £¬ÇÒÍêÈ«Ãâ·Ñ¡£¹ØÓÚIT´ÓÒµÕß £¬Google Developers¡¢Microsoft LearnµÈ¹Ù·½¿ª·¢Õ߯½Ì¨ÔòÌṩÁË×îеÄÊÖÒÕÎĵµ¡¢APIÖ¸ÄϺͽ̳Ì¡£

4. ȨÍþÐÐҵýÌåÓëרҵЭ»á

¹Ø×¢ÄúËùÔÚÁìÓòµÄÍ·²¿ÐÐҵýÌåÍøÕ¾»òרҵЭ»á£¨ÈçIEEEÅÌËã»úЭ»á¡¢ÖйúÅÌËã»úѧ»áµÈ£© £¬ËüÃÇͨ³£»áÐû²¼×îеÄÐÐÒµ¶´²ì¡¢ÊÖÒÕ±ê×¼£¨²¿·ÖÃâ·Ñ£©¡¢¾Û»áÂÛÎļ¯ºÍÖ°ÒµÉú³¤Ö¸ÄÏ¡£Ðí¶àЭ»áΪÎüÒýлáÔ± £¬»áÃâ·Ñ¿ª·Å²¿·Ö½¹µã±¨¸æ»òÆÚ¿¯ÄÚÈÝ¡£

Èý¡¢¸ßЧ»ñÈ¡µÄ²Ù×÷Ö¸ÄÏ£º´Ó¼ìË÷µ½ÏÂÔØ

ÕÆÎÕÁË×ÊÔ´µØÍ¼ºó £¬ÔõÑù¸ßЧµØ¶¨Î»²¢»ñÈ¡ËùÐè×ÊÁÏ £¬ÐèÒªÒ»Ì׿ÆÑ§µÄ²Ù×÷ÒªÁì¡£

¾«×¼¼ìË÷Õ½ÂÔ£ºÉÆÓÃËÑË÷ÒýÇæµÄ¸ß¼¶Óï·¨¡£ÀýÈç £¬ÔÚËÑË÷ʱʹÓá°filetype:pdf Òªº¦´Ê 2025¡±¡¢¡°site:gov.cn ±¨¸æÃû³Æ¡±¡¢¡°Òªº¦´Ê intitle:°×ƤÊ顱µÈÖ¸Áî £¬¿ÉÒÔ´ó·ù¹ýÂËÎÞ¹ØÍøÒ³ £¬Ö±½Ó¶¨Î»µ½Îĵµ×ÊÔ´¡£ÔÚѧÊõƽ̨¼ìË÷ʱ £¬³ä·ÖʹÓýÒÏþÄê·Ý¡¢ÎÄÏ×ÀàÐÍ¡¢×÷ÕßµÈɸѡÆ÷¡£

°æ±¾Ê¶±ðÓëÑéÖ¤£ºÏÂÔØÇ° £¬Îñ±ØÈ·ÈÏ×ÊÁϵİ汾ÐÅÏ¢¡£Éó²éÎĵµÄÚ²¿µÄ³öÊéÈÕÆÚ¡¢°æ±¾ºÅ£¨ÈçV2.5, 2025 Edition£©¡¢Ç°ÑÔ»òÐÞ¶©ËµÃ÷¡£¹ØÓÚÈí¼þ»ò¹¤¾ß £¬Îñ±Ø´ÓÆä¹Ù·½ÍøÕ¾µÄ¡°ÏÂÔØ¡±»ò¡°×ÊÔ´¡±°å¿é»ñÈ¡ £¬Ð¡ÐĵÚÈý·½ÏÂÔØÕ¾ £¬ËüÃÇ¿ÉÄÜÀ¦°ó¶ñÒâÈí¼þ»òÌṩ¾É°æ¡£¹Ù·½Ò³ÃæÍ¨³£»áÃ÷È·±ê×¢×îа汾ºÅ¼°¸üÐÂÈÕÖ¾¡£

½¨ÉèСÎÒ˽¼Ò֪ʶ¹ÜÀíϵͳ£º»ñÈ¡×ÊÁϺó £¬½¨ÒéʹÓÃÎÄÏ×¹ÜÀí¹¤¾ß£¨ÈçZotero, Mendeley £¬ËüÃÇÌṩÃâ·Ñ»ù´¡°æ£©»òÔÆÌõ¼ÇÈí¼þ¾ÙÐйéÀà¡¢´ò±êÇ©ºÍÌí¼ÓÕªÒª±¸×¢¡£Õâ²»µ«ÄÜ×èÖ¹×ÊÁÏȺ¼¯ÔÓÂÒ £¬»¹ÄÜͨ¹ý¹ØÁª·¢Ã÷֪ʶÂöÂç¡£°´ÆÚÕûÀíºÍ»ØÊ× £¬ÌÞ³ý¹ýÓڳ¸¯µÄÄÚÈÝ¡£

ËÄ¡¢ÖÁ¹ØÖ÷ÒªµÄʹÓù淶ÓëÂ×Àí×¼Ôò

Ãâ·Ñ»ñÈ¡Õý°æ×ÊÁϵÄͬʱ £¬ÎÒÃDZØÐè×ñÊØÏìÓ¦µÄʹÓù淶 £¬Õâ¼ÈÊÇÖ´·¨ÒªÇó £¬Ò²ÊÇѧÊõºÍÖ°ÒµËØÑøµÄÌåÏÖ¡£

1. °æÈ¨ÉùÃ÷ÓëÔÊÐí×ñÊØ

ÿһ·Ý×ÊÁÏ £¬ÎÞÂÛÃâ·ÑÓë·ñ £¬¶¼ÊÜÌØ¶¨µÄ°æÈ¨ÔÊÐíÑÚ»¤¡£ÏÂÔØºÍʹÓÃǰ £¬ÇëÎñ±ØÔĶÁÆä¸½´øµÄ¡°°æÈ¨ÉùÃ÷¡±¡¢¡°Ê¹ÓÃÌõ¿î¡±»ò¡°ÔÊÐíЭÒ顱£¨ÈçCreative CommonsϵÁÐÔÊÐí£©¡£³£¼ûµÄ¹æ·¶°üÀ¨£º

ÊðÃû£¨BY£©£ºÊ¹ÓÃʱ±ØÐè×¢Ã÷Ô­×÷ÕߺÍȪԴ¡£
·ÇÉÌÒµÐÔʹÓã¨NC£©£º²»µÃÓÃÓÚÉÌÒµÓ¯ÀûÄ¿µÄ¡£
եȡÑÝÒND£©£º²»µÃÐÞ¸ÄÔ­×÷Æ·¡£
Ïàͬ·½·¨¹²Ïí£¨SA£©£º»ùÓÚÔ­×÷Æ·µÄÑÝÒï×÷Æ·±ØÐè½ÓÄÉÏàͬÔÊÐíÐû²¼¡£

×ÝÈ»×ÊÁÏÍêÈ«Ãâ·Ñ¹ûÕæ £¬Î´¾­ÔÊÐíµØ½«ÆäÖØÐ´ò°ü³öÊÛ¡¢È¥³ýÔ­×÷ÕßÐÅÏ¢ºóÐû³ÆÔ­´´¡¢»òÓÃÓÚÉÌÒµÅàѵ¿Î³ÌIJÀû £¬¶¼ÊÇÃ÷È·µÄÇÖȨÐÐΪ¡£

2. ÒýÓõÄÑϽ÷ÐÔ

ÔÚÈκιûÕæ½ÒÏþµÄÎÄÕ¡¢±¨¸æ¡¢ÑÝʾ»ò×÷Æ·ÖÐÒýÓÃËù»ñ×ÊÁÏʱ £¬±ØÐèÆ¾Ö¤Ñ§Êõ»òÐÐÒµ¹æ·¶¾ÙÐÐ׼ȷÒýÓá£Õâ°üÀ¨Ö±½ÓÒýÓúͼä½ÓÒýÓá£ÒýÓÃÃûÌã¨ÈçAPA¡¢MLA¡¢GB/T 7714£©Ðè¼á³ÖÒ»Ö £¬²¢°üÀ¨×÷Õß¡¢ÎÊÌâ¡¢Ðû²¼Äê·Ý¡¢ÈªÔ´Á´½Ó»ò³öÊéÎïÐÅÏ¢¡¢»á¼ûÈÕÆÚµÈÒªº¦ÒªËØ¡£¹æ·¶µÄÒýÓüÈÊǶÔÔ­×÷ÕßµÄ×ðÖØ £¬Ò²ÄÜÔöÇ¿Äú×ÔÉí×÷Æ·µÄ¿ÉÐŶÈ¡£

3. Êý¾ÝÇå¾²ÓëÒþ˽Òâʶ

´Ó¹Ù·½»ò¿ÉÐÅÆ½Ì¨ÏÂÔØ×ÊÁÏ £¬×èÖ¹µã»÷À´Â·²»Ã÷µÄÁ´½Ó»ò¸½¼þ £¬ÒÔ·ÀÔâÊÜÍøÂç´¹ÂÚ»ò²¡¶¾¹¥»÷¡£ÔÚ×¢²áƽ̨Õ˺Åʱ £¬Èç·ÇÐëÒª £¬Ö»¹ÜïÔÌ­ÌṩСÎÒ˽¼ÒÃô¸ÐÐÅÏ¢¡£¹ØÓÚÐèÒªµÇ¼»á¼ûµÄ×ÊÔ´ £¬ÇëÍ×ÉÆ±£¹ÜÕ˺ÅÃÜÂë £¬²»ÔÚ¹«¹²×°±¸ÉÏÉúÑĵǼ״̬¡£

Îå¡¢Ó¦¶Ô³£¼ûÌôÕ½ÓëÏÝÚå

ÔÚʵ¼ùÀú³ÌÖÐ £¬Äú¿ÉÄÜ»áÓöµ½Ò»Ð©Õϰ­ £¬ÒÔÏÂÊǶԲ߽¨Ò飺

Óöµ½¡°¸¶·Ñǽ¡±£º¹ØÓÚ²¿·Ö½¹µãÆÚ¿¯ÂÛÎÄ»ò±¨¸æ £¬ÈôÊÇÆäÍêÈ«±»¸¶·Ñǽ¸ôÀë £¬¿ÉÒÔʵÑéÒÔÏÂÕýµ±Í¾¾¶£º1£©Éó²é×÷ÕßÊÇ·ñÔÚÆäСÎÒ˽¼Ò»ò»ú¹¹Ö÷Ò³·ÖÏíÁËÔ¤Ó¡±¾£»2£©Í¨¹ýѧÊõÉç½»ÍøÂ磨ÈçResearchGate£©ÀñòµØÏò×÷ÕßË÷È¡£»3£©Éó²éÄúËùÔڵĻú¹¹£¨Ñ§Ð£¡¢¹«Ë¾¡¢Í¼Êé¹Ý£©ÊÇ·ñÒѹºÖøÃÊý¾Ý¿âȨÏÞ¡£

×ÊÁϹýÓÚÅÓÔÓ£ºÃæÁÙº£Á¿ÐÅÏ¢ £¬½¹ÂÇÊÇÕý³£µÄ¡£½â¾öÖ®µÀÊÇ¡°ÒÔÎÊÌâΪµ¼Ïò¡± £¬Ã÷È·×Ô¼ºµÄÏêϸÐèÇó£¨ÀýÈç¡°ÎÒÐèÒªÏàʶ2025ÄêÁ¿×ÓÅÌËãÔÚÒ©ÎïÑз¢ÖеÄ×îÐÂÓ¦Óð¸Àý¡±£© £¬ÔÙ¾ÙÐÐÕë¶ÔÐÔËÑË÷ £¬¶ø·ÇѰ³£ä¯ÀÀ¡£

ÐÅÏ¢ÕæÊµÐÔ´æÒÉ£º¹ØÓÚÈκÎ×ÊÁÏ £¬ÓÈÆäÊÇÀ´×Էǹٷ½ÇþµÀµÄ £¬Ðè¾ÙÐн»Ö¯ÑéÖ¤¡£±ÈÕÕ¶à¸öȨÍþȪԴµÄÐÅÏ¢ £¬¼ì²éÊý¾ÝÊÇ·ñÒ»Ö £¬Âß¼­ÊÇ·ñ×ÔÇ¢ £¬Ðû²¼»ú¹¹ÊÇ·ñÓй«ÐÅÁ¦¡£

×ܶøÑÔÖ® £¬ÔÚ2025Äê £¬Ãâ·Ñ»ñÈ¡Õý°æ×îÐÂ×ÊÁÏÒѲ»ÔÙÊÇÄÑÌâ £¬µ«ËüÒªÇóÎÒÃǾ߱¸ÃôÈñµÄÐÅÏ¢ËØÑø¡¢ÊìÁ·µÄ¼ìË÷ÊÖÒպͼᶨµÄ°æÈ¨Òâʶ¡£Í¨¹ýϵͳÐÔµØÊ¹Óù«¹²¼°¿ª·Å×ÊÔ´ £¬ÑÏ¿á×ñÊØÊ¹Óù淶 £¬ÎÒÃDz»µ«Äܹ¹½¨ÆðСÎÒ˽¼ÒǿʢÇÒÇ°ÑØµÄ֪ʶϵͳ £¬¸üÄÜΪӪÔìÒ»¸öÔ½·¢¿ª·Å¡¢¹«Õý¡¢ÓÐÐòµÄÊý×Ö֪ʶ¹²ÏíÇéÐÎТ˳һ·ÝÁ¦Á¿¡£Õâ·ÝÖ¸ÄÏÊÇÒ»¸öÆðµã £¬ÕæÕýµÄ̽Ë÷Ö®Âà £¬Ê¼ÓÚÄúÖ¸¼âÏÂÒ»´ÎµÄ¾«×¼ËÑË÷Óëÿһ´Î¶Ô֪ʶ²úȨµÄ×Ô¾õά»¤¡£

±¾ÎÄÎÊÌ⣺¡¶2025ÄêÕý°æ×ÊÁÏÃâ·Ñ»ñÈ¡×îа湥ÂÔ£º2025ÄêÕý°æ×ÊÁÏÃâ·Ñ»ñÈ¡×îаæ²Ù×÷Ö¸ÄÏÓëʹÓù淶¡·

6731¶¥¼¶ÓÎÏ·¡¤(ÖйúÇø)¹Ù·½ÍøÕ¾
ÿһÌì £¬Ã¿Ò»Ãë £¬ÄãËù×öµÄ¾öÒé¶¼»á¸Ä±äÄãµÄÈËÉú£¡

½ÒÏþ̸ÂÛ

¿ì½Ý»Ø¸´£º

̸ÂÛÁÐ±í £¨ÔÝÎÞ̸ÂÛ £¬1761ÈËΧ¹Û£©¼ÓÈëÌÖÂÛ

»¹Ã»ÓÐ̸ÂÛ £¬À´ËµÁ½¾ä°É...

Top
ÍøÕ¾µØÍ¼